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Jason, a ported/vented/bass reflex enclosure is a Helmholtz resonator that acts primarily via interaction between the air volume in the cabinet and the mass of air in the port. A transmission line acts as a tuned, damped, resonant pipe tuned primarily by the length of the pipe. Either one can exit in a round or rectangular port, and either one can take on characteristics of the other. In subwoofer use, a bass relex port rarely exceeds 30" in length, and a transmission line rarely is shorter than 36".
For more and better explanations, read about Ported Sytems and Transmision Lines here:
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